Gays in Pakistan Move Cautiously to Gain Acceptance

Max Becherer for the International Herald Tribune

HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT Ali, a gay man who lives in Lahore, is in a support group for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Pakistanis. “The gay scene here is very hush-hush,” he says.

LAHORE, Pakistan — The group meets irregularly in a simple building among a row of shops here that close in the evening. Drapes cover the windows. Sometimes members watch movies or read poetry. Occasionally, they give a party, dance and drink and let off steam.

The group is invitation only, by word of mouth. Members communicate through an e-mail list and are careful not to jeopardize the location of their meetings. One room is reserved for “crisis situations,” when someone may need a place to hide, most often from her own family. This is their safe space — a support group for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Pakistanis.

“The gay scene here is very hush-hush,” said Ali, a member who did not want his full name used. “I wish it was a bit more open, but you make do with what you have.”

That is slowly changing as a relative handful of younger gays and lesbians, many educated in the West, seek to foster more acceptance of their sexuality and to carve out an identity, even in a climate of religious conservatism.

Homosexual acts remain illegal in Pakistan, based on laws constructed by the British during colonial rule. No civil rights legislation exists to protect gays and lesbians from discrimination.

But the reality is far more complex, more akin to “don’t ask, don’t tell” than a state-sponsored witch hunt. For a long time, the state’s willful blindness has provided space enough for gays and lesbians. They socialize, organize, date and even live together as couples, though discreetly.

One journalist, in his early 40s, has been living as a gay man in Pakistan for almost two decades. “It’s very easy being gay here, to be honest,” he said, though he and several others interviewed did not want their names used for fear of the social and legal repercussions. “You can live without being hassled about it,” he said, “as long as you are not wearing a pink tutu and running down the street carrying a rainbow flag.”

The reason is that while the notion of homosexuality may be taboo, homosocial, and even homosexual, behavior is common enough. Pakistani society is sharply segregated on gender lines, with taboos about extramarital sex that make it almost harder to conduct a secret heterosexual romance than a homosexual one. Displays of affection between men in public, like hugging and holding hands, are common. “A guy can be with a guy anytime, anywhere, and no one will raise an eyebrow,” the journalist said.

For many in his and previous generations, he said, same-sex attraction was not necessarily an issue because it did not involve questions of identity. Many Pakistani men who have sex with men do not think of themselves as gay. Some do it regularly, when they need a break from their wives, they say, and some for money.

But all the examples of homosexual relations — in Sufi poetry, Urdu literature or discreet sexual conduct — occur within the private sphere, said Hina Jilani, a human rights lawyer and activist for women’s and minority rights. Homoeroticism can be expressed but not named.

“The biggest hurdle,” Ms. Jilani said, “is finding the proper context in which to bring this issue out into the open.”

That is what the gay and lesbian support group in Lahore is slowly seeking to do, even if it still meets in what amounts to near secrecy.

The driving force behind the group comes from two women, ages 30 and 33. They are keenly aware of the oddity that two women, partners no less, have become architects of the modern gay scene in Lahore; if gay and bisexual men barely register in the collective societal consciousness of Pakistan, their female counterparts are even less visible.

“The organizing came from my personal experience of extreme isolation, the sense of being alone and different,” the 30-year-old said.

She decided that she needed to find others like her in Pakistan. Eight people, mostly the couple’s friends, attended the first meeting in January 2009.

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Google's Android software in 3 out of 4 smartphones

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NYC Marathon runners fill unexpected free time

NEW YORK (AP) — Sue Johnson refuses to give New York City any more money.

She preferred to shell out for the change fee to move her flight home to Pittsburgh up by 24 hours - leaving on the day she was supposed to run the New York City Marathon.

Many of the runners who had descended on the city from all over the globe worked out their frustrations with a jog Saturday through Central Park, site of a finish line that will never be crossed. Some scrambled to rebook return flights. Others made sightseeing plans for the unexpected free time.

Whether from Europe, South America or elsewhere, their sentiment was the same. Sympathy for the victims of Superstorm Sandy. Understanding of why city officials canceled Sunday's race. But bitterness that the decision was made Friday instead of earlier in the week, before they boarded planes.

And some, like Johnson, voiced suspicions that the last-minute announcement was a ploy by city officials to lure entrants to New York so they would still spend money at local businesses.

"They get the best of both worlds," she said after wrapping up a run Saturday.

The runners had dragged their bodies through months of training, often making preparations years in advance and saving money for what costs thousands of dollars for many international entrants.

Diego Pellegrino and his wife kept their plans to stay in New York through Friday. But he had imagined biking around, shopping and eating well all week with the sense of accomplishment of completing his first marathon.

"The illusion is broken," he said.

Pellegrino will still take part in a sporting event midday Sunday: With no race to run, he'll make his first visit to Madison Square Garden for an NBA game, cheering on fellow Argentine Pablo Prigioni of the Knicks against the Philadelphia 76ers.

On a crisp, sunny Saturday, Central Park looked the part of the usual telegenic backdrop to the marathon's final miles. Other than some downed branches, the runners who chugged along the paths saw no evidence of the storm that knocked out power and flooded homes all over the metropolitan area.

A block of sidewalk just outside the park was cordoned off, stacks and stacks of boxes of orange jackets originally intended for marathon volunteers waiting to be donated to shelters. On this Saturday, runners would usually carb load at Marathon Eve Dinner. That, too, was canceled.

More New Yorkers got electricity Saturday, but frustrations mounted over gasoline shortages as refueling sites turned into traffic jams of horn-honking confusion. Gas rationing went into effect in northern New Jersey, while crowds lined up at free fuel distribution sites in New York's boroughs.

The blue and orange structure above the finish line remained up, though nobody could run under it. Barricades kept people a few yards away, creating the feel of a tourist attraction: Runners stood against them to have their photo taken with "Finish" in the background. Many wore NYC Marathon gear, souvenirs from an event that never occurred.

Some runners organized their own impromptu marathon routes this weekend. Others will gather on Staten Island on Sunday morning as they would have for the marathon. They'll take off running — to deliver supplies to residents devastated by the storm.

"We initially were bummed, but also saddened by the perception that runners were indifferent to the needs of other people," said Jordan Metzl, a sports medicine doctor in New York. "We wanted to turn a negative to a positive."

American star Meb Keflezighi, the 2009 men's champion, said some of the elite runners were considering entering upcoming marathons in Japan and Philadelphia to take advantage of their training. But he may take some time off.

For all the conspiracy theories from out-of-town runners, the city will take in far less than the estimated $340 million the marathon would have brought.

Anthony King, owner of the bar Finnegans Wake along the race course on Manhattan's East Side, had the mixed feelings of a New Yorker and a local businessman. He felt for other merchants who would lose much-needed revenue, but agreed with the mayor's ultimate decision.

"We're going to miss all the excitement," he said.

Race organizer New York Road Runners has cancellation insurance but must sort out the effects on contracts with elite runners, sponsors and broadcasters. NYRR President Mary Wittenberg said Friday that for now organizers were sticking with their policy of not refunding entry fees, but it would be reviewed.

Susan Bourque was in the car, halfway between Boston and New York, when her father called Friday evening to say the race was canceled. Still on the road, Bourque started researching whether she could enter a different marathon in the next couple weeks so as not to waste her training. Sure enough, Sunday's race in Manchester, N.H., had extended its registration deadline to attract jilted New York runners.

Bourque and her husband kept on driving because their two children had never been to the Big Apple. They arrived at 9:30 p.m. and squeezed in visits to the Empire State Building and Times Square before heading back to New England at midday Saturday, pleasantly surprised their hotel refunded the rate with their early departure.

Francesco Caielli, Mario Di Sabato and Luciano Sala were two hours from landing in New York on Friday when they saw the news on the plane's video screens. At least their trip was smooth: A friend whose initial flight was canceled flew from their native Italy to Hong Kong then New York, determined to make the marathon.

And now there's no race.

Di Sabato scoffed that if the same thing happened in his home country, outsiders would accuse the Italians of stereotypical disorganization. But this fiasco took place under the watch of New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

In his first comments since canceling the race, Bloomberg told WCBS-TV on Saturday his message to out-of-town runners was: "I'm sorry. I fought the battle, and sometimes things don't work out."

Runners signed up this year will be guaranteed entry into the 2013 marathon or the half-marathon in March, a valuable promise since it's so hard to get into the race. That could leave few spots next year for anyone else, though.

But some vowed to never again enter the NYC Marathon. Pia Nielsen, who flew in from Copenhagen, said city and race officials would have to regain her trust.

Lucy Marquez said she would come back, even as tears filled her eyes at the thought of the three young children she left at home in Mexico to race what would have been her first marathon.

"Shock. Denial. Rage," is how Marquez described the stages of digesting the news that the race had been scrapped. Twelve years ago, she watched her father run the course.

"I love New York City," she said. "This is the marathon I want to run."

___

Cara Anna, James Martinez and Karen Matthews contributed to this report.

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Second Illness Infects Meningitis Sufferers

Just when they might have thought they were in the clear, people recovering from meningitis in an outbreak caused by a contaminated steroid drug have been struck by a second illness.

The new problem, called an epidural abscess, is an infection near the spine at the site where the drug — contaminated by a fungus — was injected to treat back or neck pain. The abscesses are a localized infection, different from meningitis, which affects the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. But in some cases, an untreated abscess can cause meningitis. The abscesses have formed even while patients were taking powerful antifungal medicines, putting them back in the hospital for more treatment, often with surgery.

The problem has just begun to emerge, so far mostly in Michigan, which has had more people sickened by the drug — 112 out of 404 nationwide — than any other state.

“We’re hearing about it in Michigan and other locations as well,” said Dr. Tom M. Chiller, the deputy chief of the mycotic diseases branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “We don’t have a good handle on how many people are coming back.”

He added, “We are just learning about this and trying to assess how best to manage these patients. They’re very complicated.”

In the last few days, about a third of the 53 patients treated for meningitis at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital in Ann Arbor, Mich., have returned with abscesses, said Dr. Lakshmi K. Halasyamani, the chief medical officer.

“This is a significant shift in the presentation of this fungal infection, and quite concerning,” she said. “An epidural abscess is very serious. It’s not something we expected.”

She and other experts said they were especially puzzled that the infections could occur even though patients were taking drugs that, at least in tests, appeared to work against the fungus causing the infection, a type of black mold called Exserohilum.

The main symptom is severe pain near the injection site. But the abscesses are internal, with no visible signs on the skin, so it takes an M.R.I. scan to make the diagnosis. Some patients have more than one abscess. In some cases, the infection can be drained or cleaned out by a neurosurgeon.

But sometimes fungal strands and abnormal tissue are wrapped around nerves and cannot be surgically removed, said Dr. Carol A. Kauffman, an expert on fungal diseases at the University of Michigan. In such cases, all doctors can do is give a combination of antifungal drugs and hope for the best. They have very little experience with this type of infection.

Some patients have had epidural abscesses without meningitis; St. Joseph Mercy Hospital has had 34 such cases.

A spokesman for the health department in Tennessee, which has had 78 meningitis cases, said that a few cases of epidural abscess had also occurred there, and that the state was trying to assess the extent of the problem.

Dr. Chiller said doctors were also reporting that some patients exposed to the tainted drug had arachnoiditis, a nerve inflammation near the spine that can cause intense pain, bladder problems and numbness.

“Unfortunately, we know from the rare cases of fungal meningitis that occur, that you can have complicated courses for this disease, and it requires prolonged therapy and can have some devastating consequences,” he said.

The meningitis outbreak, first recognized in late September, is one of the worst public health disasters ever caused by a contaminated drug. So far, 29 people have died, often from strokes caused by the infection. The case count is continuing to rise. The drug was a steroid, methylprednisolone acetate, made by the New England Compounding Center in Framingham, Mass. Three contaminated lots of the drug, more than 17,000 vials, were shipped around the country, and about 14,000 people were injected with the drug, mostly for neck and back pain. But some received injections for arthritic joints and have developed joint infections.

Inspections of the compounding center have revealed extensive contamination. It has been shut down, as has another Massachusetts company, Ameridose, with some of the same owners. Both companies have had their products recalled.

Compounding pharmacies, which mix their own drugs, have had little regulation from either states or the federal government, and several others have been shut down recently after inspections found sanitation problems.

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In Election-Night Party Planning, Flexibility Is a Must

Isaac Brekken for The New York Times

Frank Roskowski, director of technical services at the Aria Resort in Las Vegas, says it's difficult to determine the contours of an election-night party.

Isaac Brekken for The New York Times

A sign points to an early-voting site in Las Vegas, a city well suited to election parties because many of its ballrooms can expand or contract to accommodate victory or loss.

WHEN empty, the Bristlecone ballroom at the Aria Resort and Casino here is 57,000 square feet of beige carpeting and fluorescent lights. But two years ago, it was briefly the overstuffed epicenter of American politics.

This is where Senator Harry Reid, the Nevada Democrat and majority leader, held his election-night party after prevailing in a race that many had predicted he would lose. To Democrats, this was a site for triumph and relief; for Republicans, it was one for disappointment and loss.

For Frank Roskowski, it was something else entirely. “It was carnage. It was goofy,” he said, grinning as he surveyed the room last week.

Mr. Roskowski, whom everyone calls Mustache Frank, is Aria’s director of technical services, and he is reminiscing about the chaos and bustle of Nov. 2, 2010. Democrats lost a bunch of races across the country, not to mention control of the House of Representatives, and in the days before the votes were tallied it looked possible that Mr. Reid would be a casualty. Twenty-two television crews were jockeying for position in the Bristlecone, starting at 4 a.m.

“The TV trucks all were fighting because the thing is, they have to run cable to a connection point,” Mr. Roskowski recalls. “So the guy in the truck, if he gets here early, he only has to run 100 feet. If he’s late, he’s got to run 500. At 3 in the morning, they’re out there, I’m out there, my guys are out there and these TV guys are like: ‘Hey, you want doughnuts? You want beer? 50 bucks?’ I’m like: ‘Whoa. Here’s what was sent to me. You’re here, you’re here, you’re here.”

As a feat of event planning, there is nothing quite like an election-night party. At most festivities that call for banquet halls and cocktails, there is little doubt about the basic contours of the main event. If it’s a wedding, two people are married and the union is celebrated. Organize a conference, and a crowd will mingle and drink. But an election-night party could be an evening of triumph or fiasco, a celebration or a wake. It’s like a trip to the hospital that might culminate with a fatal diagnosis or a healthy baby.

Both tragedy and triumph must be accommodated. It’s fine for politicians to say, “When I’m elected” or “When I’m re-elected,” but the election-night party planner toils in the realm of the possible, not the fondly wished for. If you anticipate an enormous, victory-hailing crowd and you lose, you are looking at not just a defeated candidate but also a tableau that accentuates all the empty space where supporters were supposed to revel. So, what to do? Order a few thousand balloons but don’t fill them until the polls close? Hide the confetti until the victory is certified?

What is far more essential, it turns out, is a room that can be shrunk or enlarged, quickly. Which is why Las Vegas is arguably the greatest election-night city in the country. Expandable banquet rooms are a specialty here, and turning a space that fits 100 into a space that fits 2,000 — and vice versa — is a feat that can be pulled off in places like the Bristlecone ballroom in a matter of minutes. The trick is air walls, huge movable slabs that slide back and forth like pocket doors.

Ultimately, on election night in 2010 here, the space in front of all the television cameras fit a mere 150 people. That was a tiny fraction of the entire room, and it left a tundra of emptiness out of view of all those cameras. But priority No. 1 was making the room look packed.

“When you tuned in at home,” Mr. Roskowski says, “it looked body-to-body tight.”

THE worlds of electioneering and catering will again intersect on Tuesday, as candidates await the public’s verdicts in settings of their choosing. For catering, it is often an evening of modest profit — a typical event with a couple of hundred people will cost $50,000, depending on the quality and quantity of food and drink. For the campaigns, devising these get-togethers can seem both fraught and irrelevant at the same time. Yes, all the stagecraft and planning matter. But what is the point of worrying about the finish line when the race is in the last sprint? Many campaigns contacted for this article would not discuss their plans, or they kept the discussion to a bare minimum.

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Petraeus’s Lower Profile at C.I.A. Leaves Void in Benghazi Furor

WASHINGTON — In 14 months as C.I.A. director, David H. Petraeus has shunned the spotlight he once courted as America’s most famous general. His low-profile style has won the loyalty of the White House, easing old tensions with President Obama, and he has overcome some of the skepticism he faced from the agency’s work force, which is always wary of the military brass.

But since a terrorist attack killed four Americans seven weeks ago in Benghazi, Libya, his deliberately low profile, and the C.I.A.’s penchant for secrecy, have left a void that has been filled by a news media and Congressional furor over whether the tragedy could have been prevented. Rather than acknowledge the C.I.A.’s presence in Benghazi, Mr. Petraeus and other agency officials fought a losing battle to keep it secret, even as the events there became a flash point in the presidential campaign.

Finally, on Thursday, with Mr. Petraeus away on a visit to the Middle East, pressure from critics prompted intelligence officials to give their own account of the chaotic night when two security officers died along with the American ambassador, J. Christopher Stevens, and another diplomat. The officials acknowledged for the first time that the security officers, both former members of the Navy SEALs, worked on contract for the C.I.A., which occupied one of the buildings that were attacked.

The Benghazi crisis is the biggest challenge so far in the first civilian job held by Mr. Petraeus, who retired from the Army and dropped the “General” when he went to the C.I.A. He gets mostly high marks from government colleagues and outside experts for his overall performance. But the transition has meant learning a markedly different culture, at an agency famously resistant to outsiders.

“I think he’s a brilliant man, but he’s also a four-star general,” said Senator Dianne Feinstein, the chairwoman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. “Four-stars are saluted, not questioned. He’s now running an agency where everything is questioned, whether you’re a four-star or a senator. It’s a culture change.”

Mr. Petraeus, who turns 60 next week, has had to learn that C.I.A. officers will not automatically defer to his judgments, as military subordinates often did. “The attitude at the agency is, ‘You may be the director, but I’m the Thailand analyst,’ ” said one C.I.A. veteran.

Long a media star as the most prominent military leader of his generation, Mr. Petraeus abruptly abandoned that style at the C.I.A. Operating amid widespread complaints about leaks of classified information, he has stopped giving interviews, speaks to Congress in closed sessions and travels the globe to consult with foreign spy services with little news media notice.

“He thinks he has to be very discreet and let others in the government do the talking,” said Michael E. O’Hanlon, a Brookings Institution scholar who is a friend of Mr. Petraeus’s and a member of the C.I.A.’s advisory board.

Mr. Petraeus’s no-news, no-nonsense style stands out especially starkly against that of his effusive predecessor, Leon E. Panetta, who is now the defense secretary. Amy Zegart, a Stanford professor who has studied how often C.I.A. directors have appeared in the news since 1980, ranks Mr. Panetta first in public profile and Mr. Petraeus, ascetic and now tight-lipped in public, near the bottom.

Mr. Panetta, a gregarious politician by profession, was unusually open with Congress and sometimes with the public — to a fault, some might say, when he spoke candidly after leaving the C.I.A. about a Pakistani doctor’s role in helping hunt for Osama bin Laden, or about the agency’s drone operations.

Mr. Petraeus’s discretion and relentless work ethic have had a positive side for him: old tensions with Mr. Obama, which grew out of differing views on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, appear to be gone. Mr. Petraeus is at the White House several times a week, attending National Security Council sessions and meeting weekly with James R. Clapper Jr., the director of national intelligence, and Thomas E. Donilon, Mr. Obama’s national security adviser. Mr. Donilon said recently that the C.I.A. director “has done an exceptional job,” bringing “deep experience, intellectual rigor and enthusiasm” to his work.

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Google's Android software in 3 out of 4 smartphones

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NYC Marathon is canceled following storm damage

NEW YORK (AP) — Under growing pressure as thousands still shivered from Sandy, the New York City Marathon was canceled Friday by Mayor Michael Bloomberg after mounting criticism that this was not the time for a race.

With people in storm-ravaged areas shivering without electricity and the death toll in the city at more than 40, many New Yorkers recoiled at the prospect of police officers being assigned to protect a marathon, storm victims being evicted from hotels to make way for runners, and big generators humming along at the finish-line tents in Central Park.

Around 47,500 runners from around the globe had been expected to take part in the 26.2-mile event Sunday, with more than 1 million spectators usually lining the route for the world's largest marathon. The race had been scheduled to start in Staten Island, one of the storm's hardest-hit places.

Bloomberg had pressed ahead with plans run the marathon on schedule, but opposition intensified quickly Friday afternoon from the city controller, Manhattan borough president and sanitation workers.

Finally, the mayor backed down about three hours later.

"We would not want a cloud to hang over the race or its participants, and so we have decided to cancel it," Bloomberg said in a statement. "We cannot allow a controversy over an athletic event — even one as meaningful as this — to distract attention away from all the critically important work that is being done to recover from the storm and get our city back on track."

The cancellation means there won't be another NYC Marathon until next year.

Bloomberg called the marathon an "integral part of New York City's life for 40 years" and "an event tens of thousands of New Yorkers participate in and millions more watch."

He still insisted that holding the race would not require diverting resources from the recovery effort, but understood the level of friction.

"It is clear it that it has become the source of controversy and division," Bloomberg said. "The marathon has always brought our city together and inspired us with stories of courage and determination.

Bloomberg's decision came just a day after he appealed to the grit and resiliency of New Yorkers, saying "This city is a city where we have to go on."

The nationally televised race that winds through the city's five boroughs and has been held annually since 1970 — it was held in 2001, about two months after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.

Mary Wittenberg, president of the organizing New York Road Runners, said it was the right move to cancel.

"This is what we need to do and the right thing at this time," she said.

"It's been a week where we worked very closely with the mayor's office and felt very strongly, both of us together, that on Tuesday it seemed that the best thing for New York on Sunday would be moving forward. As the days went on, just today it got to the point where that was no longer the case."

Patrick Lynch, president of the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association — the police department's largest union — called the decision to cancel the marathon "a wise choice."

Wittenberg said about 10,000 runners were expected to drop out after the storm arrived.

As of now, NYRR is sticking to its policy of no refunds for the runners, but will guarantee entry to next year's marathon. But Wittenberg said they will review that stance.

Eric Jones said he was part of a group from the Netherlands that collected $1.5 million to donate to a children's cancer charity if the runners competed.

"We understand, but maybe the decision could have been made earlier, before we traveled this far," said Jones, whose group came to New York a day earlier.

Steve Brune, a Manhattan entrepreneur, was set to run his fourth NYC Marathon.

"I'm disappointed, but I can understand why it's more important to use our resources for those who have lost a lot," he said.

Brune said he thinks foreign runners who traveled for the race will be even more disappointed.

"When you have a significant amount of people voicing real pain and unhappiness over its running, you have to hear that. You have to take that into consideration," said Howard Wolfson, deputy mayor for government affairs and communications.

"Something that is such a celebration of the best of New York can't become divisive. That is not good for the city now as we try to complete our recovery effort, and it is not good for the marathon in the long run," he said.

Earlier in the day, race preparations seemed under way as normal.

White tents where the runners would meet were already erected. Plastic crates lined the park's wall for two blocks, with tangles of electric wires and other setup equipment where workers buzzed around. A few TV news crews set up camp.

Along the race route in Queens, a couple of marathon banners hung from street lamps.

In Brooklyn, the effects of the storm were more apparent. One gas station had a long line of cars extending down the block. Another had dozens of people standing on the sidewalk, clutching red fuel cans.

At the midtown New Yorker Hotel, the lobby was filled with anguished runners, some crying and others with puffy eyes. In one corner, a group of Italian runners watched the news with blank looks.

"I have no words," said Roberto Dell'Olmo, from Vercelli, Italy. Then later: "I would like that the money I give from the marathon goes to victims."

Gisela Clausen, of Munich, told her fellow runners about the cancellation as they walked in.

"You don't understand. We spend a year on this. We don't eat what we want. We don't drink what we want. And we're on the streets for hours. We live for this marathon, but we understand," she said.

___

Associated Press writers Verena Dobnik, Michael Rubinkam and Cara Ana in New York contributed to this report.

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Urban Athlete: Discover Outdoors Offers Mountain Fitness Class

Willie Davis for The New York Times

Rey Soriano, foreground, holding himself on suspension trainers in a workout run by Discover Outdoors.

I HAVE spent a small fortune over the years on gym memberships. But all you really need to get in shape, I now know, are a few granite paving stones, some sandbags and a backpack full of water jugs.

Willie Davis for The New York Times

David Tacheny, center, leading an exercise known as “pack mule,” as Courtney McBride pulls May Yu Whu.

Willie Davis for The New York Times

Mr. Tacheny explaining how to use paving stones as weights.

Willie Davis for The New York Times

Wendy Tsang, left, lifting a Bulgarian sandbag.

Early one Sunday morning I arrived at the entrance to Riverside Park for an exercise class called Mountain Fitness. A Manhattan adventure outfitter, Discover Outdoors, describes the class as a way to “train like a guide,” and uses rocks, logs, sandbags and water jugs in a quest to improve “functional fitness.” The company started offering the class a year ago after customers asked how they should train for the more challenging hiking and trekking adventures it offers.

Our instructor, David Tacheny, a guide and personal trainer, told us that a typical gym workout doesn’t engage all the muscles you’ll use on, say, a rock-climbing excursion. A leg press machine, for instance, works the pushing muscles of the legs. Squatting while raising a heavy rock above your head, on the other hand, also uses the back, abdominal muscles and shoulders, and it better approximates what it’s like to lift an overstuffed backpack.

“This is how guides train,” he said. “We don’t go run miles on flat terrain. We don’t just pump iron.”

All the exercises can be adapted to different levels of fitness. Our group of eight (including one man) looked plenty fit and included several people who belonged to social sports clubs in the city and competed in triathlons. Melanie Pessin, a triathlon competitor, did an eight-mile run before showing up for class. “I’m training for a half-marathon,” she said.

After a 10-minute warm-up, Mr. Tacheny took us to a pile of rectangular paving stones, each weighing 25 to 40 pounds. Standing with legs apart, we swung our stones out from between our legs into the air, using our hips instead of our arms for power.

The “halo” routine entailed holding the stone at chin level and circling it in a tight arc around the head. Next were squat presses, with the stones raised over our heads. At this point my back muscles went on strike, forcing me to switch to an imaginary stone.

Why just lift stones, though, when you can run with them — or throw them? Mr. Tacheny had us hold our stones at chest level, heave them as far as we could toward a tree in the distance, then run to pick them up; we were to repeat the move until we reached the tree.

Next, he divided us into two groups for a rousing game of what I came to call ducking stones. Each team started with an equal number of stones at the base of a tree. We were supposed to fetch a stone and run with it, depositing it at the base of the opposing team’s tree. After two minutes, whichever team had the fewest stones remaining would win. Mayhem ensued, with stones flying everywhere, to the point where I would yell out, “Don’t hit me!” whenever I stooped to pick one up.

Next, Mr. Tacheny introduced the “pack mule” exercise. Each team of two received a harness made of straps. One person held the straps and pulled while the teammate, attached to the harness at the other end, resisted. To inspire us, he recounted the story of two guides who pulled 100-pound sleds up a glacier while carrying 85-pound backpacks.

Freed from their harnesses, the class members followed Mr. Tacheny on a five-minute jog to a remote section of the park. There, he had stored a jump rope, a backpack full of water jugs, two crescent-shaped Bulgarian sandbags and some straps that he tied around tree branches. Instant exercise stations: pull-ups and push-ups using the straps; squats and leg lifts with the backpack or with a sandbag draped over the shoulders; a cardio workout using the jump rope.

After completing our circuits, we gathered in a circle and applauded ourselves for our hard work. “You got a sense of how to vary your workouts a little,” Mr. Tacheny told us, adding that gym routines didn’t appeal to him anymore, and that riding his bike 60 to 70 miles a day had gotten old. “But this stuff,” he said as we all dragged ourselves out of the park, “you won’t get bored with it.”

Discover Outdoors holds 90-minute Mountain Fitness classes for $20 at Riverside Park in Manhattan; (212) 579-4568, discoveroutdoors.com.

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Common Sense: Comparing the Tax Bite With Obama and Romney

What federal tax rate would you pay if Mitt Romney were elected president? And what would it be if Barack Obama were re-elected, assuming Congress goes along with the candidates’ proposals?

Win Mcnamee/Getty Images

President Obama and Mitt Romney during their debate in Boca Raton, Fla., last month. Tax reform and the related issue of economic growth have been major themes in the presidential campaign.

Would you pay more or less in tax? And how would that stack up against the richest Americans like Warren Buffett, who’s currently paying a lower rate than his secretary?

Considering how central these issues have been to the campaign, it’s curious how hard it is to come up with answers, perhaps because both candidates want voters to believe that someone’s else’s taxes may have to rise, but not theirs. Whether Mr. Romney’s math adds up and whether taxing the rich would make a dent in the deficit might make an interesting public policy debate, but those issues further obscure the most basic question, which is what effect the proposals will have on each of us.

I’m not saying voters should simply vote their pocketbooks. But I would at least like to know how much I’m being asked to pay and what I might expect in return. This has been especially true since I discovered this year that I paid a rate in federal income tax that’s nearly twice as high as Mr. Romney’s. As I said then, I’m not faulting Mr. Romney for taking advantage of the existing tax code, but that disparity continues to rankle.

Tax reform and the related issue of economic growth have been major themes in the campaign that will end on Tuesday. The economy has taken center stage, and both candidates have been making much of tax platforms that aim to spur growth and job creation while promoting fairness. Mr. Romney has been the more ambitious, calling for sweeping tax reform that would lower rates while broadening the base by limiting unspecified deductions and loopholes. “Tax policy shapes almost everything individuals and enterprises do as they participate in the economy,” he says on his “Mitt Romney for President” Web site.

President Obama has called for a return to the top rates that prevailed in the Clinton administration and higher rates on capital gains and dividends. “We can’t get this done unless we also ask the wealthiest households to pay higher taxes on their incomes above $250,000 — pay the same rate we had when Bill Clinton was president,” Mr. Obama said last month while campaigning in New Hampshire. “We created 23 million new jobs, and we went from a deficit to surplus. That’s how you do it.”

So what would the impact of their tax proposals be? After consulting several tax experts, I did the calculations both on my own returns for 2009 and 2011 as well as for the wealthiest 400 taxpayers.

For the Romney plan, I took the proposals from his Web site that apply to taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes over $200,000: a 20 percent cut in the top rate (to 28 percent from 35 percent); dividends and capital gains taxed at the existing preferential rate of 15 percent; and the abolition of the alternative minimum tax. Mr. Romney hasn’t said what itemized deductions he would abolish or limit, but he has said he might cap or eliminate those deductions for high-income taxpayers.

Mr. Romney has mentioned a cap on deductions of $17,000, and has also said: “One way, for instance, would be to have a single number. Make up a number, $25,000, $50,000. Anybody can have deductions up to that amount And then that number disappears for high-income people,” meaning high-income people would be allowed no itemized deductions.

So in the spirit of Mr. Romney’s comments, I eliminated all itemized deductions. I retained the self-employed health insurance deduction and the deduction for contributions to a qualifying retirement plan. So far as I can tell, Mr. Romney hasn’t proposed abolishing those.

I took Mr. Obama’s tax proposals from his proposed budget and subsequent campaign statements, in which he has called for a return to Clinton era rates of 36 percent (for single taxpayers in roughly the $200,000 to $400,000 bracket) and 39.6 percent for those earning over $400,000 for both ordinary and dividend income and a 20 percent rate on capital gains. While Mr. Obama has talked about repealing the A.M.T., he hasn’t actually proposed doing so and has only suggested indexing it to inflation, so I retained the A.M.T. in the Obama calculations.

I assumed the Obama proposals would raise my rate and the Romney plan would lower it. But the Romney plan actually increased my rate to 25.5 percent from 22.2 percent in 2011, and to 27.6 percent from 26.7 percent in 2009. The Obama plan raised it even more substantially, to 30.6 percent in 2011 and 29.3 percent in 2009.

Including the minimum tax in the Obama plan had a significant impact. If Mr. Obama abolished it, my rate under his plan fell to 29.7 percent in 2011 and to 26.7 percent in 2009 — lower than the Romney plan, in fact, in 2009. If Mr. Romney allowed me the $17,000 in itemized deductions he has mentioned, it would have only a negligible impact, lowering my rates 0.5 percent.

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